Fractures, commonly known as broken bones, are a common injury that can occur in any bone in the body. A fracture refers to a crack or break in the bone, and it can range from a hairline fracture to a complete break. Fractures can result from trauma, such as a fall or accident, or from conditions that weaken the bone, such as osteoporosis or certain diseases.

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There are different types of fractures, including:

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Closed fracture: Also known as a simple fracture, this type of fracture does not penetrate the skin. The broken bone remains within the body.

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Open fracture: Also called a compound fracture, this type of fracture involves a broken bone that pierces through the skin, increasing the risk of infection.

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Greenstick fracture: This fracture occurs in children when one side of the bone is broken, while the other side is bent but not completely fractured. It resembles a green twig that has been partially broken.

Comminuted fracture: In this type of fracture, the bone breaks into multiple fragments or pieces. It often occurs due to high-energy trauma.

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Stress fracture: Stress fractures are small cracks that develop in the bone due to repetitive stress or overuse. They commonly occur in weight-bearing bones, such as the shinbone (tibia) or foot bones.

Pathologic fracture: This type of fracture occurs when a bone is weakened by an underlying disease, such as cancer or osteoporosis. Even minor stress or injury can cause a pathologic fracture.

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The symptoms of a fracture may include severe pain, swelling, bruising, deformity, difficulty moving the affected area, and a grating or cracking sound at the time of injury. Diagnosis is typically made through a physical examination, imaging studies (such as X-rays or MRI), and sometimes a bone scan.

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Treatment for fractures aims to realign the broken bone, promote healing, and restore function. It may involve:

Immobilization: Fractured bones are often immobilized using casts, splints, or braces to keep the bone in place and prevent further damage.

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Reduction: Some fractures require a reduction procedure to realign the bone fragments. This can be done manually (closed reduction) or through surgery (open reduction).

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Surgical intervention: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to stabilize the bone fragments with internal fixation devices like screws, plates, or rods.

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Pain management: Pain medications may be prescribed to manage pain during the healing process.

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Rehabilitation: Physical therapy exercises and rehabilitation are often recommended to restore strength, flexibility, and function after the bone has healed.

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The recovery time for a fracture varies depending on the type and location of the fracture, as well as individual factors. It is important to follow your doctor’s instructions regarding weight-bearing, activity restrictions, and follow-up appointments to ensure proper healing.

 

If you suspect a fracture, it is crucial to seek immediate medical attention. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential for optimal healing and to minimise complications associated with fractures.